Quantitative RNA, proteomic, and metabolite profiling of islet β cells-specific exosomes in patient plasma/serum as marker for monitoring metabolic diseases, such as type I or type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.
Metabolic disorders including type I or type II diabetes, morbid obesity, and metabolic syndrome affect over 1/3 of the US population. There is a critical clinical need for biomarker platforms that would allow for early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of these conditions.
Exosomes are extracellular microvesicles released by many tissue types into bodily fluids. They carry tissue specific RNA and protein cargoes reflecting the conditional status of the originating tissue. Islet β cells are also known to release exosomes that are specific to the tissue.
Dr. Vallabhajosyula at Penn discovered that transmembrane protein ion channel regulator FXYD2 is expressed on the surface of the islet β cell exosomes and can be used for isolation and purification of islet β cell-specific exosomes.
Islet exosomes demonstrated expression profile differences in type I diabetes patients compared to normal controls, including reduced insulin levels. The Inventor analyzed differences in microRNA, long RNA, as well as proteomic and metabolite profiles. Together, the ability to isolate islet β cell specific exosomes from patients’ blood can potentially be used as a novel biomarker platform to monitor patients with type I and type II diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
Method of isolation and purification of islet β cells specific exosomes from serum/plasma